GETTING STARTED WITH EMBED C PROGRAMMING:
Lab 1 . LED Blinking using PIC controller (16F877A) with MPLAB
I/O Connections :
PORT B4->LED1
PORTB5->LED2
PORTB6->Switch1
PORTB7->Switch2
#include <htc.h>
#define _XTAL_FREQ 20000000 //crystal frequency of 20MHZ
#define Input1 RB7 //set port RB7 as input port
#define Input2 RB1 //set port RB1 as input port
#define Output1 RB4 //set port RB4 as output port
#define Output2 RB5 //set port RB5 as output port
void main()
{
TRISB=0X82; //use portB register as input as well as output port
while(1) //infinite loop
{
if(Input1==0) //if switch1 is pressed ie connect port RB7 to sw1
{
Output1=1; //blink both the LED’S
Output2=1;
}
else if(Input2==0) //If switch2 is pressed ie connect port RB1 to sw2
{
Output1=0; //both the LED’S are turned off
Output2=0;
}
}
}
Lab2.To display a message on LCD using pic controller
I/O connection:
PORT B0 tO B7->DO to D7 of LCD
ENABLE->D7
R/W->GROUND
R/S->D6
#include <htc.h>
#include<string.h>
#define _XTAL_FREQ 20000000 //crystal frequency of 20MHZ
#define EN RD7 //connect enable pin of LCD to port D7
#define RS RD6 //connect Register select pin of LCD
to port D6
void LCD_Delay() //delay routine
{
__delay_ms(1);
}
void LCD_Cmd(unsigned char cmd) //this function is to write command to
the LCD
{
PORTB=cmd;
RS=0; //Set RS pin to low in order to send a
command to the LCD
EN=1; //set EN pin to high in order to send
high pulse
LCD_Delay(); //give a small delay
EN=0; //set EN pin to low in order to make
pulse low
LCD_Delay(); //give a small delay
}
void LCD_Init() //Initializing LCD
{
unsigned char cmd[5]={0X38,0X06,0X0F,0X01,0X80},Count;
//0x38 represents 5x7 matrix ,0x06 represent entry mode,0x0f represent display on cursor blinking,0x01 represents clearing the LCD,0x80 represents 1st row
for(Count=0;Count<5;Count++)
LCD_Cmd(cmd[Count]);
}
void LCD_SendDataByte(unsigned char data) //this function is to write a byte on LCD
{
PORTB=data;
RS=1; //make RS pin high inorder to send a
data
EN=1; //set enable pin to high in order to
send high to low pulse
LCD_Delay(); //provide a small delay
EN=0;
LCD_Delay();
}
void LCD_Display( char *addr) //this function is to display a string on
LCD
{
while(*addr)
{
LCD_SendDataByte(*addr);
addr++;
}
}
void main()
{
TRISB=0x00; //make the registerB as ouput
TRISD=0x00; //make the registerD as ouput
LCD_Init(); //Initialize the LCD
__delay_ms(1000);
while(1) //infinite loop
{
LCD_Cmd(0X01); //clearing the LCD
LCD_Cmd(0X84); //1st row 4th position
LCD_Display("123"); //display 123 on LCD
LCD_Cmd(0xc0); //2nd row
LCD_Display(" RDL"); //display RDL on LCD
__delay_ms(1000); //delay by 1s
LCD_Cmd(0x01); //clear the LCD
LCD_Cmd(0x80); //1st row
LCD_Display(" LCD"); //display LCD
LCD_Cmd(0xc0); //2nd row
LCD_Display(" Display"); //display on LCD
__delay_ms(1000); //delay by 1s
}
}
PORT B0 to B7->DO to D7 of LCD
ENABLE->D7
R/W->GROUND
R/S->D6
A0->PORTC0
I/O Connections :
PORT B4->LED1
PORTB5->LED2
PORTB6->Switch1
PORTB7->Switch2
#include <htc.h>
#define _XTAL_FREQ 20000000 //crystal frequency of 20MHZ
#define Input1 RB7 //set port RB7 as input port
#define Input2 RB1 //set port RB1 as input port
#define Output1 RB4 //set port RB4 as output port
#define Output2 RB5 //set port RB5 as output port
void main()
{
TRISB=0X82; //use portB register as input as well as output port
while(1) //infinite loop
{
if(Input1==0) //if switch1 is pressed ie connect port RB7 to sw1
{
Output1=1; //blink both the LED’S
Output2=1;
}
else if(Input2==0) //If switch2 is pressed ie connect port RB1 to sw2
{
Output1=0; //both the LED’S are turned off
Output2=0;
}
}
}
I/O connection:
PORT B0 tO B7->DO to D7 of LCD
ENABLE->D7
R/W->GROUND
R/S->D6
#include <htc.h>
#include<string.h>
#define _XTAL_FREQ 20000000 //crystal frequency of 20MHZ
#define EN RD7 //connect enable pin of LCD to port D7
#define RS RD6 //connect Register select pin of LCD
to port D6
void LCD_Delay() //delay routine
{
__delay_ms(1);
}
void LCD_Cmd(unsigned char cmd) //this function is to write command to
the LCD
{
PORTB=cmd;
RS=0; //Set RS pin to low in order to send a
command to the LCD
EN=1; //set EN pin to high in order to send
high pulse
LCD_Delay(); //give a small delay
EN=0; //set EN pin to low in order to make
pulse low
LCD_Delay(); //give a small delay
}
void LCD_Init() //Initializing LCD
{
unsigned char cmd[5]={0X38,0X06,0X0F,0X01,0X80},Count;
//0x38 represents 5x7 matrix ,0x06 represent entry mode,0x0f represent display on cursor blinking,0x01 represents clearing the LCD,0x80 represents 1st row
for(Count=0;Count<5;Count++)
LCD_Cmd(cmd[Count]);
}
void LCD_SendDataByte(unsigned char data) //this function is to write a byte on LCD
{
PORTB=data;
RS=1; //make RS pin high inorder to send a
data
EN=1; //set enable pin to high in order to
send high to low pulse
LCD_Delay(); //provide a small delay
EN=0;
LCD_Delay();
}
void LCD_Display( char *addr) //this function is to display a string on
LCD
{
while(*addr)
{
LCD_SendDataByte(*addr);
addr++;
}
}
void main()
{
TRISB=0x00; //make the registerB as ouput
TRISD=0x00; //make the registerD as ouput
LCD_Init(); //Initialize the LCD
__delay_ms(1000);
while(1) //infinite loop
{
LCD_Cmd(0X01); //clearing the LCD
LCD_Cmd(0X84); //1st row 4th position
LCD_Display("123"); //display 123 on LCD
LCD_Cmd(0xc0); //2nd row
LCD_Display(" RDL"); //display RDL on LCD
__delay_ms(1000); //delay by 1s
LCD_Cmd(0x01); //clear the LCD
LCD_Cmd(0x80); //1st row
LCD_Display(" LCD"); //display LCD
LCD_Cmd(0xc0); //2nd row
LCD_Display(" Display"); //display on LCD
__delay_ms(1000); //delay by 1s
}
}
Lab3.Interfacing ADC to display analog to digital conversion values on LCD.
I/O connection:
PORT B0 to B7->DO to D7 of LCD
ENABLE->D7
R/W->GROUND
R/S->D6
A0->PORTC0
#include <htc.h>
#include<string.h>
#define _XTAL_FREQ 20000000 //crystal frequency of 20MHZ
#define EN RD7 //connect enable pin of LCD to port D7
#define RS RD6 //connect Register select pin of LCD to port D6
/*LCD code */
void LCD_Delay() //delay routine
{
__delay_ms(1);
}
void LCD_Cmd(unsigned char cmd) //this function is to write command to the LCD
{
PORTB=cmd;
RS=0; //Set RS pin to low in order to send a command to the LCD
EN=1; //set EN pin to high in order to send high pulse
LCD_Delay(); //give a small delay
EN=0; //set EN pin to low in order to make pulse low
LCD_Delay(); //give a small delay
}
void LCD_Init() //Initializing LCD
{
unsigned char cmd[5]={0X38,0X06,0X0F,0X01,0X80},Count;
//0x38 represents 5x7 matrix ,0x06 represent entry mode,0x0f represent display on cursor blinking,0x01 represents clearing the LCD,0x80 represents 1st row
for(Count=0;Count<5;Count++)
LCD_Cmd(cmd[Count]);
}
void LCD_SendDataByte(unsigned char data) //this function is to write a byte on LCD
{
PORTB=data;
RS=1; //make RS pin high inorder to send a data
EN=1; //set enable pin to high in order to send high to low pulse
LCD_Delay(); //provide a small delay
EN=0;
LCD_Delay();
}
void LCD_Display( char *addr) //this function is to display a string on LCD
{
while(*addr)
{
LCD_SendDataByte(*addr);
addr++;
}
}
void ADC_Init()
{
ADCON0 = 0x41; //set A/D control register0 to 0x41
ADCON1 = 0xC0; //set A/D control register1 0xc0
}
unsigned int ADC_Read(unsigned char channel)
{
if(channel > 7)
return 0;
ADCON0 &= 0xC5;
ADCON0 |= channel<<3;
__delay_ms(2);
GO_nDONE = 1;
while(GO_nDONE);
return ((ADRESH<<8)+ADRESL); //left shift the higherorder bits and add the lower order bits
}
void display(unsigned int number) //this function is for (0-1024)A/D conversion
{
unsigned char digit1,digit2,digit3,digit4,digit[4];
unsigned char x;
unsigned char temp;
digit1 = number / 1000u ; // extract thousands digit
digit2 = (number / 100u) % 10u; // extract hundreds digit
digit3 = (number / 10u) % 10u; // extract tens digit
digit4 = nu
mber % 10u; // extract ones digit
digit[3]=digit4;
digit[2]=digit3;
digit[1]=digit2;
digit[0]=digit1;
for(x=0;x<4;x++) //loop for upto 4 digits
{
temp=digit[x]|0x30; //convert to ACII
LCD_SendDataByte(temp); //display the value on LCD
}
}
void main()
{
unsigned int value;
unsigned int a;
TRISB = 0x00; //Set registerB as output
TRISC = 0x00; //Set registerC as output
TRISD=0x00; //set registerD as output
LCD_Init(); //initialize the LCD
__delay_ms(1000); //provide delay for 1s
ADC_Init(); //ADC initialisation
do
{
a = ADC_Read(0); //read port (A0)
__delay_ms(2000); //provide delay for 2s
LCD_Cmd(0x80); //1st row
LCD_ display(a); //display the value on LCD
__delay_ms(1000); //provide delay
} while(1);
}
PORTB=cmd;
RS=0; //Set RS pin to low in order to send a command to the LCD
EN=1; //set EN pin to high in order to send high pulse
LCD_Delay(); //give a small delay
EN=0; //set EN pin to low in order to make pulse low
LCD_Delay(); //give a small delay
}
void LCD_Init() //Initializing LCD
{
unsigned char cmd[5]={0X38,0X06,0X0F,0X01,0X80},Count;
//0x38 represents 5x7 matrix ,0x06 represent entry mode,0x0f represent display on cursor blinking,0x01 represents clearing the LCD,0x80 represents 1st row
for(Count=0;Count<5;Count++)
LCD_Cmd(cmd[Count]);
}
void LCD_SendDataByte(unsigned char data) //this function is to write a byte on LCD
{
PORTB=data;
RS=1; //make RS pin high inorder to send a data
EN=1; //set enable pin to high in order to send high to low pulse
LCD_Delay(); //provide a small delay
EN=0;
LCD_Delay();
}
void LCD_Display( char *addr) //this function is to display a string on LCD
{
while(*addr)
{
LCD_SendDataByte(*addr);
addr++;
}
}
void ADC_Init()
{
ADCON0 = 0x41; //set A/D control register0 to 0x41
ADCON1 = 0xC0; //set A/D control register1 0xc0
}
unsigned int ADC_Read(unsigned char channel)
{
if(channel > 7)
return 0;
ADCON0 &= 0xC5;
ADCON0 |= channel<<3;
__delay_ms(2);
GO_nDONE = 1;
while(GO_nDONE);
return ((ADRESH<<8)+ADRESL); //left shift the higherorder bits and add the lower order bits
}
void display(unsigned int number) //this function is for (0-1024)A/D conversion
{
unsigned char digit1,digit2,digit3,digit4,digit[4];
unsigned char x;
unsigned char temp;
digit1 = number / 1000u ; // extract thousands digit
digit2 = (number / 100u) % 10u; // extract hundreds digit
digit3 = (number / 10u) % 10u; // extract tens digit
digit4 = nu
mber % 10u; // extract ones digit
digit[3]=digit4;
digit[2]=digit3;
digit[1]=digit2;
digit[0]=digit1;
for(x=0;x<4;x++) //loop for upto 4 digits
{
temp=digit[x]|0x30; //convert to ACII
LCD_SendDataByte(temp); //display the value on LCD
}
}
void main()
{
unsigned int value;
unsigned int a;
TRISB = 0x00; //Set registerB as output
TRISC = 0x00; //Set registerC as output
TRISD=0x00; //set registerD as output
LCD_Init(); //initialize the LCD
__delay_ms(1000); //provide delay for 1s
ADC_Init(); //ADC initialisation
do
{
a = ADC_Read(0); //read port (A0)
__delay_ms(2000); //provide delay for 2s
LCD_Cmd(0x80); //1st row
LCD_ display(a); //display the value on LCD
__delay_ms(1000); //provide delay
} while(1);
}
